What an Executor Actually Does: A Step-by-Step Breakdown

Being named executor is a significant responsibility, and many people accept the role without fully understanding what it actually involves until they're already in the middle of it.

Getting organized first

The first task is gathering key documents: the will, death certificate copies, and a list of the deceased's assets and debts. Keeping detailed records from the very beginning, including time spent and expenses incurred, matters since executors are generally entitled to compensation for this work.

Filing the will and opening probate

The executor is responsible for filing the will with the probate court and formally opening the estate, if probate is required. This step establishes the executor's legal authority to act on the estate's behalf.

Paying debts and taxes

Before any assets can be distributed, outstanding debts and taxes must be settled using estate funds, not the executor's personal money. This includes remaining bills, final medical expenses, and any estate or income taxes owed.

Distributing assets to beneficiaries

Once debts and taxes are resolved, and probate is closed if it was required, the executor distributes the remaining assets according to the will's instructions. This step often requires ongoing communication with beneficiaries, who may have questions about timing or specific assets.

Closing the estate

The final step is formally petitioning the court to close the estate and discharge the executor's responsibilities. Until this happens, the estate technically remains open, even if most of the practical work is already done.